Visa barriers push students from US and UK to Asia and Europe, global survey shows

International students are turning away from the ​United States and Britain in favour of universities ​in Asia and continental Europe, a global ‌university survey ​showed on Thursday, as tighter visa rules redraw the global map of higher education.

International students typically pay far higher fees than domestic ones and are a major ‌source of revenue, helping offset their host countries' teaching and research costs. Britain and the US recorded the steepest drops in international undergraduate numbers, down 19% and 13%, respectively in the October-August period compared with the same period a year earlier, the ‌survey of 437 universities in 63 countries conducted by Studyportals, NAFSA and Oxford Test of English showed.

Canada and Australia ‌also saw weaker demand, while universities in Asia and Europe reported stronger international enrolment growth, they said. Studyportals is a Netherlands-based student recruitment platform, NAFSA is a US-based nonprofit that advocates for international education, and the Oxford Test of English is run by Oxford University Press. US institutions were ⁠the most ​pessimistic about the outlook, with ⁠more than a third expecting enrolments to decline further in the coming years.

The survey found that visa restrictions and government policies were the biggest ⁠barriers to recruitment, with processing delays, tougher screening and changes to post-study work rules prompting students to defer or abandon plans to enroll. The ​decline in interest in US universities comes after President Donald Trump tightened scrutiny of international students, expanding social ⁠media checks, revoking thousands of visas and tougher rules on how long they can stay in the country. The survey was conducted before the ⁠November ​3 midterm elections in which Democrats won control of both chambers of Congress, although the president retains executive authority over visa rules.

Meanwhile, Britain has tightened its student visa rules as successive governments seek to reduce immigration, restricting most international ⁠students from bringing dependants and planning to shorten the period graduates can remain in the country to work or seek ⁠employment. "These survey results affirm what ⁠we've observed before: national policies matter to international students making major decisions about where to study, conduct research, or start a career," Dr Fanta Aw, the executive director and ‌CEO of NAFSA, said.