Regulations and Guidelines for Coal Mine and Thermal Power Plant Decommissioning Highlighted in Rajya Sabha

Decisions on decommissioning TPPs are made by power generating companies based on techno-economic, commercial, and environmental considerations.

In a written response to the Rajya Sabha, Minister of State for Environment, Forest, and Climate Change, Shri Kirti Vardhan Singh, outlined the regulatory framework and procedures governing the decommissioning of coal mines and thermal power plants (TPPs).

Coal Mine Decommissioning: The environmental impacts of closing a coal mine are managed according to the approved Final Mine Closure Plan (MCP) from the Coal Comptroller Organization (CCO). This plan requires the monitoring of air, water, and soil quality around the decommissioned site. Mine owners must ensure that the closure plan includes measures to control pollution from the site. Post-closure, the reclaimed land is leased for repurposing in line with the Ministry of Coal's policy guidelines.

Thermal Power Plant Decommissioning: For TPP decommissioning, project proponents must adhere to several regulations, including:

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1976

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

Hazardous Waste Management Rules, 2016

Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016

E-waste Management Rules, 2022

Decisions on decommissioning TPPs are made by power generating companies based on techno-economic, commercial, and environmental considerations. State governments and power generating companies typically decide on land repurposing, evaluating the minimal environmental impact and potential for future projects, including new TPPs. Should a new project be proposed, it must receive the necessary clearances and permissions from the relevant authorities.

The Central Electricity Authority has advised thermal power utilities to avoid retiring or repurposing coal-based power stations with a capacity of more than 200 MW before 2030. Utilities are encouraged to carry out Renovation and Modernization (R&M) activities to maintain the availability of thermal units, considering future energy demand and capacity requirements.

This information highlights the government's approach to managing the environmental and regulatory aspects of decommissioning coal mines and TPPs, ensuring sustainable practices and minimal impact on the environment.