FACTBOX-Major oil spills from ships

1988 - The fully loaded tanker Odyssey operated by Polembros Shipping exploded and sank in the North Atlantic 700 miles off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, spilling 1 million barrels of oil. 1989 - The Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker bound for Long Beach, California, hit Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound, dumping more than 250,000 barrels of crude oil into the sea killing animals and plants throughout Prince William Sound.

A tanker carrying around one million barrels of bitumen blend heavy oil was involved in a collision near the Chinese port city of Qingdao, spilling oil into the Yellow Sea, China's Shandong Maritime Safety Administration and tanker representatives said on Tuesday. Local oil spill response specialists have been deployed to contain the spill and begin the cleanup operation.

It was unclear how significant the spill was, but it highlighted the risks of transporting oil by sea. Here are some major oil spills involving ships, especially tankers.

1978 - The Amoco Cadiz oil tanker ran aground off the coast of Brittany, France, after its steering failed in a severe storm, resulting in the spilling of 1.8 million barrels of oil. 1979 - The Atlantic Empress and the Aegean Captain, two fully loaded oil tankers, collided 10 miles (16.1 kms) off the coast of Tobago in a tropical rainstorm, spilling more than 2.1 million barrels of oil into the Caribbean.

1983 - The Castillo de Bellver exploded and sank off the coast of Cape Town carrying roughly 250,000 tonnes of crude oil. 1988 - The fully loaded tanker Odyssey operated by Polembros Shipping exploded and sank in the North Atlantic 700 miles off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, spilling 1 million barrels of oil.

1989 - The Exxon Valdez, an oil tanker bound for Long Beach, California, hit Bligh Reef in Alaska's Prince William Sound, dumping more than 250,000 barrels of crude oil into the sea killing animals and plants throughout Prince William Sound. The accident, considered one of the worst human-caused environmental disasters, led to new rules requiring double-hulled ships in the region.

1991 - The oil tanker ABT Summer exploded about 900 miles off the coast of Angola, spilling its entire cargo of 1.9 million barrels at sea. 1996 - The Sea Empress went down on the rocks off Milford Haven on Britain's west coast in 1996, in one of the country's worst environmental disasters that saw over 70,000 tonnes of oil spilt.

1999 - The tanker Erika sank during a storm in December, leaking thousands of tonnes of oil into the Bay of Biscay off the coast of France and causing a major environmental disaster. 2011/2012 - In New Zealand's worst environmental disaster in decades, hundreds of tonnes of oil leaked into the coastal waters and on to beaches off Tauranga on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island from the stricken 47,230-tonne Liberian-flagged container ship Rena.

2018 - The suezmax Sanchi tanker carrying 136,000 tonnes of Iranian condensate collided with a cargo ship off Shanghai, caught fire and burned for a week. All 32 crew onboard were killed. Japan's Coast Guard said at the time that oil that washed up on the shores of its southern islands was highly likely to have come from Sanchi. 2020 - The Wakashio, a Japanese bulk carrier, struck a coral reef off Mauritius' coast in the Indian Ocean in July, spilling thousands of tonnes of crude oil into the sea and choking marine life in a pristine lagoon.

2020 - The New Diamond supertanker carrying about 2 million barrels of oil caught fire off the coast of Sri Lanka in September after a blast in its engine room. In October, the owners of the vessel agreed to pay 340 million rupees to Sri Lanka for helping to avert the blaze. 2021 - A collision took place between anchored Liberia-flagged tanker A Symphony, which was carrying a cargo of bitumen mix, and the Panama-flagged cargo vessel Sea Justice near the Chinese port city of Qingdao, spilling oil into the Yellow Sea. (Compiled by Jonathan Saul; editing by Barbara Lewis)