Archaeologists Uncover Earliest Evidence of Biblical Scarlet Dye in Israel

Israeli archaeologists have discovered the earliest evidence of Biblical scarlet dye in the Judean Desert. The 3,800-year-old textile was found in the 'Cave of Skulls,' and its red dye originated from oak scale insects. The finding highlights ancient trade networks and has significant historical importance.

Tel Aviv [Israel], July 18 (ANI/TPS): Israeli archaeologists working in the Judean Desert found the earliest evidence of Biblical scarlet dye. The Israel Antiquities Authority announced Thursday the discovery of a 3,800-year-old textile, less than two cm in size, at the 'Cave of Skulls' northeast of Jerusalem. The excavation aimed to preserve heritage finds and prevent antiquities theft. The woolen threads were dyed red, while the linen threads were uncolored.

Carbon-14 analysis dated the textile to the Middle Bronze Age (1767-1954 BCE). Researchers from the Israel Antiquities Authority, Bar-Ilan University, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem identified the scarlet color's source as oak scale insects, likely the Biblical scarlet worm Tola'at Hashani.

The scarlet-red color, mentioned in the Bible alongside royal blue tekheilet and purple argaman, was one of the ancient world's most precious dyes. Used in the Tabernacle and priestly garments, the dye was confirmed through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography to originate from the Kermes vermilio species, known for producing kermesic acid giving the red hue.

The research was published in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports. Dr. Na'ama Sukenik of the Israel Antiquities Authority explained that dye production from the female scale insect, found on the kermes oak tree, involved a narrow collection window in summer after egg-laying. Despite the dye's limited production due to the insect's small size, the vibrant scarlet hue was highly prestigious.

The discovery also highlights the interconnectedness of ancient societies. Although a native scale insect in Israel could produce a red-orange color, the textile's dye came from a species typical of the central and eastern Mediterranean, indicating extensive trade networks, researchers added. (ANI/TPS)

(With inputs from agencies.)