FACTBOX-Africa's restrictions on LGBTQ rights

* In 2017, Chad criminalised same-sex acts in what the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) called "a worrying example of legal regression in the region". * A draft bill to toughen already severe laws against same-sex relations in Senegal was thrown out in January last year before being put to a vote because existing legislation was deemed sufficiently clear and the resultant penalties severe enough.

Uganda has enacted one of the world's toughest anti-LGBTQ laws in a continent where only 22 of 54 nations allow homosexuality. Here are facts about LGBTQ rights in Africa:

* The maximum penalty is death in Mauritania, Somalia, and Nigeria in states where sharia law is applied. * Life imprisonment is the maximum penalty for same-sex relations in Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. Jail terms of up to 14 years are possible in Gambia, Kenya and Malawi.

* The High Court of Kenya in 2019 upheld a law criminalizing consensual same-sex sexual activity, saying it was "an effective method to contain the country's HIV epidemic". * In 2017, Chad criminalized same-sex acts in what the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) called "a worrying example of legal regression in the region".

* A draft bill to toughen already severe laws against same-sex relations in Senegal was thrown out in January last year before being put to a vote because existing legislation was deemed sufficiently clear and the resultant penalties severe enough. * Although homosexuality is not a crime in Egypt, discrimination against the LGBTQ community is rife. Gay men are frequently arrested and typically charged with debauchery, immorality or blasphemy.

* Ivory Coast does not criminalize gay sex but there have been recorded cases of detention and prosecution. * Tanzania has banned the provision of condoms and lubricants to LGBTQ health clinics and, since 2018, increased the use of forced anal examinations.

* Sodomy convictions in Tunisia have reportedly been on the rise. * Broad protection against discrimination based on sexual orientation exists in three countries: Angola, Mauritius, and South Africa. Employment protection exists in the same three countries plus Botswana, Cape Verde, Mozambique, and Seychelles.

* South Africa is the only African country where gay marriage is legal. In 2018, the cabinet approved a bill criminalizing hate crimes and hate speech. However, South Africa has high rates of homophobic crime. * Botswana decriminalized homosexuality in 2019 and Gabon in 2020.

Sources: * Reuters bureaux * Global review by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), last updated in December 2020.