Boris Johnson's suspension of Parliament 'unlawful': UK Supreme Court

In a body blow for British Prime Minister Boris Johnson, his controversial move to suspend Parliament in the run-up to Brexit was "unlawful", the UK Supreme Court ruled on Tuesday, an unanimous judgement the embattled leader said he would respect even though he "strongly disagrees" with it. Johnson suspended, or prorogued, Parliament for five weeks earlier this month, saying it was to allow for a Queen's Speech to outline policies of his new government.

However, Opposition MPs and many members of his own Conservative Party had accused the 55-year-old Conservative Party leader of trying to escape parliamentary scrutiny during a crunch phase ahead of the October 31 Brexit deadline. Indian-origin anti-Brexit campaigner Gina Miller had challenged his decision in the UK High Court, which had referred it to the highest court of the country.

"The effect on the fundamentals of our democracy was extreme," Supreme Court President Lady Brenda Hale said, as she handed down the verdict on Tuesday. "The decision to advise Her Majesty to prorogue Parliament was unlawful because it had the effect of frustrating or preventing the ability of Parliament to carry out its constitutional functions without reasonable justification," she said.

She said the unanimous decision of the 11 justices meant that Parliament had not been prorogued - the decision was null and of no effect - and it was for the Speakers of the Commons and Lords to decide what to do next. The ruling marks a major setback for Johnson, who is currently in the US for the United Nations General Assembly session. He had insisted that courts should not intervene in such political matters.

Reacting to the ruling, Johnson said it was an "unusual judgement", adding: "I don't think this was the right decision. The prerogative of prorogation has been used for centuries without this kind of challenge." Speaking in New York, he said his government will "respect" the court verdict.

Admitting that getting a Brexit deal was "not made much easier with these sort of things in Parliament or the courts", he insisted the UK would still leave on October 31 - a pledge he had entered Downing Street with in July. Speaker of the Commons John Bercow said MPs needed to return "in light of the explicit judgement", and he had "instructed the House of Commons authorities to prepare... for the resumption of business" on Wednesday.

Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn demanded Johnson's resignation. He said the ruling showed Johnson's "contempt for democracy". "I invite Boris Johnson, in the historic words, to consider his position and become the shortest serving prime minister there has ever been," Corbyn said.

Anti-Brexit campaigner Miller had made history a few years ago by forcing Johnson's predecessor Theresa May to seek Parliament's approval before invoking Article 50 which set the clock ticking on Britain's exit from the European Union (EU) in March 2017. In reference to her latest legal win, she said: "Today is not a win for any individual or cause. It is a win for Parliamentary sovereignty, the separation of powers and independence of our British courts.

"Crucially, today's ruling confirms that we are a nation governed by the rule of law – laws that everyone, even the Prime Minister, are subject to." She stressed that the historic judgment meant Parliament is open and was never prorogued. "I urge MPs to get back to work immediately," she said.

House of Commons Speaker John Bercow welcomed the ruling and said Parliament "must convene without delay", adding that he would now consult party leaders "as a matter of urgency". Johnson being found to have acted unlawfully and stopped Parliament from doing its job without any legal justification marks an extraordinary legal intervention, which is expected to have a far-reaching impact on British politics.

The legal question the Supreme Court judges had to resolve was whether the prime minister's decision – exploiting residual, royal prerogative powers – was "justiciable" and could consequently be subjected to scrutiny by the courts.

The court stopped short of declaring that the advice given by Johnson to Queen Elizabeth II was improper. It was a question they did not need to address since they had already found that the effect of the prorogation was itself unlawful. Opposition Labour Party's Ian Murray, one of the MPs who brought the case in Scotland, described the result as "historic" and an "astonishing rebuke to Boris Johnson for his disgraceful behaviour". He and Labour leader Corbyn instantly called on the prime minister to resign.

UK government lawyers had told the Supreme Court, a building directly opposite to the Houses of Parliament in Westminster in London, that the justices should not enter into such a politically sensitive area, which was legally "forbidden territory" and constitutionally "an ill-defined minefield that the courts are not properly equipped to deal with".