Vietnam aims to reach high-income status by 2045, but inefficiencies in public investment threaten progress. A World Bank-backed report reveals fragmented legal frameworks, misaligned planning, and outdated tracking systems as major obstacles. Many infrastructure projects remain incomplete due to bureaucratic delays, lack of risk assessment, and poor coordination. A smarter approach—centered on streamlined laws, digital tracking tools, and empowered provinces—can transform how Vietnam invests and delivers impact.