Nuclear Science Helps Shape Future Food and Nutrition Policies

The IAEA presented its global database on total energy expenditure and introduced a new database on protein and amino acid digestibility that is being developed in partnership with the FAO.

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) have highlighted how nuclear science is helping governments develop more effective dietary guidelines as countries face growing challenges linked to food security, nutrition and climate change.

The discussion took place during Rome Nutrition Week 2026, where experts examined how advanced scientific data can support healthier and more sustainable food systems. Rising food prices, increasingly frequent extreme weather events and ongoing malnutrition are making it more difficult for many people to access nutritious diets, creating pressure for policymakers to rethink traditional approaches to nutrition planning.

During a joint session, the two organizations emphasized the value of combining scientific research, technology and policy expertise to create dietary recommendations that reflect changing economic, environmental and social realities.

New databases provide deeper insights into nutrition

A major focus of the event was the growing role of nuclear techniques in generating accurate data on human nutrition. These techniques help researchers measure factors such as energy metabolism and protein digestibility, providing information that can improve understanding of dietary needs across different populations.

The IAEA presented its global database on total energy expenditure and introduced a new database on protein and amino acid digestibility that is being developed in partnership with the FAO. Officials said these resources are becoming increasingly important for scientists and policymakers seeking evidence-based approaches to nutrition planning.

The energy expenditure database is already supporting international efforts to review human energy requirements and could influence future recommendations used by governments, healthcare providers and nutrition experts around the world.

The upcoming protein digestibility database is expected to help countries create more targeted dietary guidelines by providing detailed information on the quality and nutritional value of different protein sources. The database is scheduled to become publicly available through the FAO by the end of 2026.

Food systems approach gains global attention

Experts at the event argued that dietary guidelines can no longer focus solely on meeting nutrient requirements. Food affordability, availability, environmental sustainability and public policy considerations are becoming increasingly important when designing recommendations that people can realistically follow.

Several countries, including Mexico, Guatemala, Kyrgyzstan and Madagascar, shared examples of how they are integrating broader food system considerations into national nutrition strategies. Mexico's experience demonstrated how dietary guidelines can support wider regulatory and public health frameworks, while other countries outlined efforts to collect and update nutrition data using newer approaches.

The IAEA also announced a new research initiative focused on alternative protein sources and amino acid requirements, with a particular interest in foods commonly consumed in low- and middle-income countries. Researchers hope the project will generate valuable information that can further strengthen future dietary recommendations.

Rome Nutrition Week brought together governments, UN agencies, researchers, civil society organisations, and nutrition specialists from around the world. Organisers said the event continues to serve as an important platform for turning scientific evidence into practical policies that improve nutrition outcomes and strengthen food systems.

As global food challenges become increasingly complex, experts believe data-driven solutions supported by science and international cooperation will play a crucial role in helping countries develop healthier, more sustainable and more resilient diets for future generations.