Up to 3.2 Million People Displaced Inside Iran as Conflict Escalates, UNHCR Warns

Humanitarian officials caution that the number of displaced people is likely to rise further if the fighting persists, signalling a rapidly worsening humanitarian situation.

The United Nations refugee agency (UNHCR) has warned that between 600,000 and one million Iranian households—representing up to 3.2 million people—have been temporarily displaced inside the country due to the intensifying conflict.

According to preliminary assessments, large numbers of families are fleeing Tehran and other major urban centres, seeking refuge in northern provinces and rural areas in search of safety as hostilities continue.

Humanitarian officials caution that the number of displaced people is likely to rise further if the fighting persists, signalling a rapidly worsening humanitarian situation.

Mass Movement Away From Major Cities

Most displaced families are reportedly leaving densely populated urban areas that have been affected by attacks and instability.

The sudden movement of civilians from cities such as Tehran toward rural and northern regions is placing additional strain on local communities already dealing with limited infrastructure and resources.

Aid organisations say many displaced people are travelling with few possessions and limited access to shelter, healthcare or essential supplies.

Refugee Communities Face Heightened Vulnerability

The crisis is also affecting refugee populations living in Iran, particularly Afghan refugees, who already face difficult living conditions and limited social support.

These refugee families are now being forced to relocate again as insecurity spreads, compounding their vulnerability.

Humanitarian agencies warn that many refugees lack the financial resources, legal protections or community networks needed to cope with further displacement.

UNHCR Expands Emergency Response

UNHCR says it is adjusting its operations inside Iran to respond to the growing humanitarian needs.

The agency has maintained a long-standing presence in the country, operating reception centres, support services and emergency helplines for vulnerable populations.

Working alongside Iranian authorities and humanitarian partners, UNHCR is assessing emerging needs and strengthening preparedness measures as population movements accelerate.

These efforts include monitoring displacement trends, coordinating humanitarian assistance and ensuring support services remain accessible to affected communities.

Call to Protect Civilians and Maintain Humanitarian Access

UNHCR has called on all parties involved in the conflict to protect civilians and respect international humanitarian law, stressing the importance of ensuring safe access for humanitarian organisations.

The agency also emphasised the need to keep borders open for those seeking safety, in line with international refugee protection obligations.

Humanitarian officials warn that without sustained access to aid and protection measures, the displacement crisis could deepen rapidly as the conflict continues to expand.